How Technology Has Influenced The Music Industry - 912 Words

â€Å"We shape our tools thereafter our tools shape us† Technology has had a profound effect on our civilisation and culture, and this has been reflected in the changing state of the music industry. This includes the development of virtual instruments, the accessibility to digital audio workstation technology, file sharing, online music streaming, the growth and development of social media platforms, and digital instruments. We live in an age where it is becoming increasingly easier to produce, obtain, share and discover music. This paper will explore some of the ways in which technology has influenced the music industry, with a focus on the diminishing need for musical talent. MIDI was originally invented in order to allow electronic musical devices to communicate with one another. This development opened up an entirely new era of musical processing. In an interview with Tom Bateman of BBC radio, creator of MIDI Dave Smith explains The computers were fast enough to be able to sequence notes, control the number of keyboards and drum machines at the same time†¦it kind of opened up a whole new industry.1 Not only did MIDI open up a new industry for musical processing, but the technology was later integrated into computer software as a VST plugin in a vitalised form, allowing for the creation of virtual instruments. The aim of virtual instrument software exists to manufacture the sounds of physical instruments through recording, in order to produce the same instrument soundShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Cultural Change of Music1089 Words   |  5 PagesThe Cultural Change of Music The popular culture of music has changed dramatically over the course of sixty five years. Since this time, new genres of music have been introduced, existing genres have changed, and fixed stereotypes have been associated with certain genres of music. Music has become a major part of popular culture, and is portrayed almost everywhere in first world societies, including on television, radio, at shopping centers, sporting events and in every areaRead MorePopular Culture in Britain at the Beginning of the 1960s Essay735 Words   |  3 Pagesany concrete suggestions on how things should be improved. Popular culture is a rather broad term, but it generally meant the changes that were associated with the 60s. This era is famously known as â€Å"Sex, Drugs Rock n Roll†. People were starting to get better off as a result of full employment. Harold Macmillan quoted in 1959: â€Å"You’ve never had it so good.† What triggered this was that the country was gradually getting wealthier. While technology was getting more advancedRead MoreMusic And Music : Mozart And The Beatles Composed Pop And Rock920 Words   |  4 Pagesclassical music who was regarded as on of the best composers that had ever lived. 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Music influenced fashion and behavior in the 1960’s and 1980’sRead MoreDiscuss the Impact of Digital Technology on the Production and Distribution of Music.1547 Words   |  7 Pagescenturies pas t, music has seen leaps and bounds in the enhancement of theory, instruments, and recording arts. The first major leap was the invention of the piano in 1709 by Bartolomeo Cristofori. From that first major step came the introduction of electronic instruments short after the harnessing of electricity which came in the early 19th century. Soon after that came recording and then on to synthesizers and eventually digital recording. As computers were introduced to society, computer music was alsoRead MoreThe Bombing Of Oklahoma City1623 Words   |  7 Pagesof most Americans. However, there is much to contemplate and deduce based on the incidence of 19th April 1995. The music industry also experienced drastic changes between this time frame and analyzing these changes is pivotal in understanding the history of America and may assist in predicting the changes to be expected within the next one decade. Evolution and advancement in technology are also a crucial part of the discussion of Am erican history and the emergence of the digital era. It is, thereforeRead MoreTeenagers And Social Media1081 Words   |  5 Pagesbut this simply isn’t the case anymore. Teenagers and young adults have major influence in the world today they influence culture, communication, technology and most importantly other teens. More than ever before teens have control over more than their own mind, they get to choose not only what is popular but also where our technology advances to and how we communicate. There are people that argue that social media is bad and that we simply shouldn’t have it and while these people are way in theRead MoreSteve Jobs : The Apple Of Igeneration s Eyes1123 Words   |  5 Pages2011). Under his guidance and supervision, Apple Inc. has achieved new heights by re-defining the manner in which we, as consumers of electronics, interact with technology (Kane Fowler, 2011). Apple Inc. not only introduced new and innovative devices into the market but also fulfilled Jobs vision of taking complicated technologies and simplifying them so that they can be used as consumer products (CNBC Titans: Steve Jobs, 2011). Jobs’ technology company was unique from others as it was the â€Å"one thatRead MoreCelebrity And Image Of The Media1539 Words   |  7 Pagesmedia allows the public to be involved and interested in what s happening in different aspects of celebrity entertainment.The influence the media has on celebrity and image selling is very effectiv e in producing successful careers. Musicians are one of many aspects of entertainment that are impacted by the media. â€Å"Possibly the biggest shift in music has come through social media through an increased level of interaction between musicians and fans† (Evans). Now that we have social media it benefitsRead MoreThe Apple Inc. Company1325 Words   |  6 Pageshistory of the company, the products they first established, how their technology influenced the world, and how Apple increased stock exchanges in the stock market. Apple initially began with Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak dropping out of college during the same year and then attending meetings at the Homebrew Computer Club. Wozniak had completed a machine called the 6800, later known as the ‘Apple I’. He had began showing Jobs the technology and wanted to know if he was interested in the commercial

Why The Drinking Age Should Be Changed - 1652 Words

The feasibility of why the drinking age should be changed from 21 to 18 can be shown in a variety of reasons, which would show that the drinking age should be changed. If this law was changed it would benefit several people for it would create less stress for certain people and it simply makes sense to change it. Although there will be a few people that may not agree with it, although the reasons that will be shared can help change those people’s minds. By changing this law it will help this country out by putting the stress level of cops down, it will help out the economy, people at that age are considered to be adults, less binge drinking incidents, less drunk driving fatalities, eliminate people underage to feel the excitement of drinking illegally, less fake IDs and it will also help there to be less underage drinking that will happen. Overall this will just create stuff like this that will help improve this country. The reason for this is there will be a great amount of less people that are underage drinking for people needing to worry about. When it comes to the drinking age it has been talked about for numerous years in which it should be changed or kept where it is at. With the drinking age is people can argue this issue for both sides of it, which this makes it tough to bring forth any changes for the drinking age. This issue can cause a great deal of problems for the United States as there are people fighting for the government to change the drinking ageShow MoreRelatedLowering the Drinking Age to 18 May Help Reduce Binge Drinking1072 Words   |  5 Pagesdebate of the drinking age has been long discussed throughout America. The drinking age has been 21 for the last 22 years, and people around the country have wondered weather or not this was the right call. People say that 18 year olds may not be mature enough to drink alcohol and might not know when to stop. It isn’t that teenagers don’t know how to stop, but rather have not been properly taught when enough has been consumed or how to drink respon sibly. Changing the drinking age from 21 to 18Read MoreThe Debate Over The Drinking Age1025 Words   |  5 Pages I have always wondered why the drinking age was raised to twenty-one. I have looked and researched the following information but still don’t have a true explanation as to why it was raised to the age of twenty-one. The movement called Amethyst Initiative began recruiting university presidents to provoke national debate about the drinking age. College Presidents from about 100 of the nation’s universities, are calling on law makers to consider lowering the drinking age from twenty-one to eighteenRead MoreShould The Legal Alcohol Age Be Changed?1560 Words   |  7 Pagesfight for our country at the age of 18 and seeing things that only you could imagine in the battlefield. Coming home from deployment and just wanting a simple beer for your hard work but not being able to buy any because you are not 21 years of age. How is that fair to the men in the mili tary forces? Fighting for our country’s freedom but not being able to have a few beers with your closest friends and family members. The topic of the legal alcohol age being changed has been a great topic for anyoneRead MoreThe Effects of Lowering the Drinking Age to 181126 Words   |  5 PagesLowering The Drinking Age Alcohol is considered to be a large problem in society today. Especially with young adults between the ages of eighteen and twenty-one. Which presents the question of whether or not the drinking age should be lowered. Lowering the legal drinking age to eighteen would have positive and negative influences on society. Positive through raising more government taxes and keep high school age and young college students out of trouble with the law for drinking. Negatively;Read More Underage Drinking Essay example842 Words   |  4 PagesUnderage Drinking In the article Why the Drinking Age should be Lowered, Ruth Engs believes that the drinking age should be lowered to about 18 or 19. Engs is a Professor at Indiana University in the Health and Sciences department. In this article Engs makes a valid point in that â€Å"responsible drinking could be taught through role modeling and educational programs.† Engs also states facts about the different drinking ages in other countries, and that the United States has the highest legalRead MoreThe Legal Drinking Age Should Be Abolished1634 Words   |  7 Pageslegal drinking age. In 1984 the National Minimum Drinking Age act was passed and raised the drinking age in the United States to twenty-one. This law caused uproar in states that had declared the minimum drinking age to be eighteen. Alcohol consumption is a major factor in cultural and social matters and the National Minimum Drinking Age has affected everybody. This law is unjust because of many reasons. One of the most promi nent reasons is that it is an ex-post facto law. The legal drinking age shouldRead MoreShould The Legal Age Be Lowered?1326 Words   |  6 PagesShould the legal age be lowered? There are many arguments on why the legal drinking age should be lowered to eighteen. To some, lowering the drinking age to eighteen makes sense and to others it does not make sense at all. Most people believe that if eighteen year olds are old enough to make big decisions such as enlist in the Army, Navy, or other Military services then eighteen year olds are old enough to drink also. Not only does lowering the legal drinking age put the drinker at harm but alsoRead MoreThe Legal Drinking Age Should Be Abolished893 Words   |  4 PagesEighteen Currently in the United States the legal age to drink alcohol is twenty-one years old. Before the 1980s, the legal drinking age was eighteen years old. In 1980, the drinking age was changed to twenty-one to diminish the number of traffic deaths caused by young drunk drivers. Changing the drinking age to twenty-one has not reduced drinking, it only made teens drink in unsafe and illegal environments. The drinking age should be changed to eighteen, because eighteen year olds have the rightRead MoreWe Can Fight in a War, but Cant Have a Drink?877 Words   |  4 Pagesbut they also create a demographic for college students under the age of twenty-one. The legal drinking age should be changed from twenty-one to eighteen. Not only would it create more buyers in a struggling economy, but it just makes the most logical sense in a country where anyone eighteen or over is considered an adult. In 1987 the United States passed a law mandating all states to have a twenty-one year old alcohol purchase age. This means over half of college students are not legal to buy alcoholRead MoreThe Minimum Drinking Age Act1211 Words   |  5 Pages Some people find it hard to understand that at the age of eighteen you can fight and die for your country, but you cannot legally drink or purchase alcoholic beverages. Others find it hard to believe that there are people who want people under the age of twenty-one drinking. The important question is: should the drinking age be lowered to eighteen instead of remaining at twenty-one? The legal drinking age is the age at which a person can consume or purchase alcohol. These laws cover a wide range

Case 9 Question 3 . This product “Cottonelle Fresh Rollwipes” Free Essays

Case 9 Question 3 . This product â€Å"Cottonelle Fresh Rollwipes† has still has a market opportunity, as it still is a question mark, and in order to grow the company needs to invest a lot more to move this product to the left side of the map and try to become a star. The competitor PG has now made a market for the product, so the company has to try to become a strong brand, because now it has a really low market-share. We will write a custom essay sample on Case 9 Question 3 . This product â€Å"Cottonelle Fresh Rollwipes† or any similar topic only for you Order Now So the aim of the firm is to have a growth objective to gain position and increase the sales. Otherwise the product would become a Dog and the best thing for the company would be divesting instead of building. The four marketing P’s (product, price, place and promotion) are important in developing the entire marketing process. In order to succeed the company has to take into consideration the different ways it can expand their product, in this case Fresh Rollwipes are an upward stretching strategy to the regular paper, they decided to position in the Fresh Rollwipes are an upward stretching strategy to the regular paper, they decided to position in the market of the business companies, but this can also be diversified to regular houses, so families can use them with kids, as well, for example. As well as this, the American market is prepared for this Fresh Rollwipes, but the company has to change its distribution channel, because it is really important that the product can reach every person has access to the product, so delays in manufacturing products should be avoid. The company can position the product in order to attract more the American market once they are already used to moistened wipes in other forms, so they should take advantage of this market opportunity. The second P refers to price, and in this case they should try a Fast Penetration Strategy, once there is already a competitor in the market and they should have low prices. In the case of the third P, the company should take into consideration a good promotion, such as advertising, personal selling and sales promotion. Finally when referring to place, the company should provide the product at a place which is convenient for consumers to access, so it has to be very conscious when deciding when and how to make the distribution. How to cite Case 9 Question 3 . This product â€Å"Cottonelle Fresh Rollwipes†, Essay examples

Mcdonalds free essay sample

Introduction Purpose of the Paper The purpose of this report is to analyze the McDonald’s Corporation. This report will provide a detailed strategic analysis, which describes the industry that the company is currently in and its business segments. Secondly, an external analysis, internal analysis, and the strategies McDonald’s Corporation has implemented into their company will be evaluated. The results provided in this analysis will provide necessary information so that the performance of McDonald’s Corporation can be assessed. Finally, recommendations will be suggested on ways the company can be successful in the future and also how to correct existing problems for the McDonald’s Corporation. McDonald’s History McDonald’s Corporation began when an individual by the name of Ray Kroc, a seller of milkshake machines in which he called Multimixers, decided to visit two brothers named Richard and Maurice after hearing that they were using eight of his machines in their restaurant in California. Ray Kroc was amazed by the efficiency of the restaurant owned by the brothers and suggested an idea to open similar restaurants to Richard and Maurice McDonald. Kroc suggested that they franchise the restaurants throughout the United States, however, the brothers were hesitant and as a result, Ray Kroc offered to do it for them himself. McDonald’s has been in existence since the 1930’s and in 1948, the McDonald brothers shut down the carhop drive-in to become a self-serve operating restaurant. McDonald’s was incorporated in 1955 and is considered to be the largest quick-service restaurant worldwide, serving more than 46 million people daily in over 31,000 restaurants located in over 119 countries (Business Company Resource Center, 2012). Current Summary of the McDonald’s Corporation Location of Corporate Office: 2111 McDonald’s Drive, Oak Brook, IL 60523 Founded: May 15, 1940 Business: Retail-Fast Food restaurant chain, franchiser of fast food restaurants, holding company Annual Sales: 5. 5 Billion Number of Employees: 1,800,000 Year Founded: 1954 Number of Locations: 30,000 in 119 countries worldwide McDonald’s Corporation Timeline 1948-Dick and MacDonald open the first McDonald’s in San Bernardino, CA; a little hamburger man named â€Å"Speedee† becomes the company’s logo 1956-Ray Kroc opens his first McDonald’s in Des Plaines, IL after visiting Dick and Mac’s CA McDonald’s 1957-McDonald’s become known for its motto-â€Å"Quick Service, and Cleanliness† 1958-McDonald’s sells its 100 millionth hamburger and McDonalds opens its 100th restaurant in Fond Du Lac, Wisconsin 1959- McDonald’s begins billboard advertising 1960-McDonald’s celebrates its 5th anniversary and opens its 200th restaurant in Knoxville, TN 1961-Ray Kroc buys out the McDonald brothers for $2. 7 million, Golden Arches becomes the company’s new logo, â€Å"Look for the arches† becomes the company’s first advertising theme 1962-McDonald’s opens its first restaurant with inside seating 1963-McDonald’s sells its one billionth hamburger, Ronald McDonald makes his debut, and the company’s 500th restaurant opens 1964- McDonald’s issues its first annual report 1965-McDonald’s celebrates its 10th anniversary with the first public stock offering, the Filet-O-Fish is added to the menu, and McDonald’s begins network television advertising. 1966-McDonald’s holds its first annual public shareholder’s meeting, the company is listed on the NYSE with the ticker symbol MCD, and Ronald McDonald appears in his first television commercial 1967-McDonald’s first international restaurant is opened in Canada followed by Puerto Rico 1968-The 1000th restaurant opens in Des Plaines, IL, the company begins to support the Olympics, and the Big Mac sandwich and apple pie are added to the U. S. menu 1969-McDonald’s forms its International Division 1970-McDonaldland becomes the new series of commercials designed for children 1971-â€Å"You Deserve a Break Today† becomes the new advertising theme, Hamburglar, Grimace, Mayor McCheese, Captain Crook join Ronald McDonald, The first McDonald’s Playland opens in Chula Vista, CA. 1972-McDonald’s becomes a billion dollar company and they open a restaurant in France. 1973-McDonald’s makes the cover of Time Magazine, Fred Turner becomes President and CEO, the Quarter Pounder is added to the menu, and first Ronald McDonald House opens in Philadelphia, PA 1975-McDonalds opens in the Bahamas and Hong Kong, the new campaign,† We Do It All for You†, is introduced, the Egg McMuffin is added to the U. S. menu, and the first drive-thru is established in Sierra Vista, AZ 1976-McDonald’s pays it first cash dividend 1977-McDonald’s adds a breakfast line to the U. S. menu; the first McDonald’s All-American High School Basketball player is elected 1978-McDonald’s 500th restaurant opens in Kanagawa, Japan 1979-McDonald’s introduces its first Happy Meal promotion, McDonald’s launches a new advertising theme,† Nobody Can Do It like McDonald’s Can†. 1980-McDonald’s celebrates its 25th anniversary 1981- The first Ronald McDonald House outside the US opens in Toronto, Canada 1982-McDonald’s receives the American Marketing Association Achievement Award 1983-Chicken Nuggets are introduced into U. S. restaurants, and a new Hamburger University opens in Oak Brook, IL 1984-Ray Kroc, founder of McDonald’s dies and McDonald’s serves its 50 billionth hamburger 1985-McDonald’s celebrates its 30th anniversary, the Sausage McMuffin is added to the U. S. menu, and McDonald’s opens restaurants in Aruba, Italy, Mexico, and Thailand 1987- Salads are added to McDonald’s menu 1988-McDonald’s opens its 10,000th restaurant in Dale City, VA; McDonald’s launches a new advertising theme, â€Å"Good Time. Great Taste. † 1990-McDonald’s announces a decision to cook French fries in 100% cholesterol-free vegetable oil 1991- â€Å"Food, folks, and Fun† becomes McDonald’s new advertising theme and the company phases in recycled carry-out bags 1993- The Big Mac celebrates its 25th anniversary, and Ronald McDonald Children’s Charities celebrates its 20th anniversary 1994-The new advertising theme, â€Å"Have you had your break today? † debuts. 1995-McDonald’s celebrates its 40th anniversary, and the first McSki-Thru opens in Sweden 1996-McDonald’s opens in India serving burgers made of lamb 1999-McDonald’s opens its 25,000th restaurant in Chicago, IL 2000-McDonald’s new advertising theme, â€Å"We love to see you smile†, is introduced, and the Chicken McGrill and Crispy Chicken sandwiches are added to the U. S. menu 2002-McDonald’s publishes its first Global Social Responsibility Report 2003-McDonald’s first global ad campaign, â€Å"I’m lovin’ it†, is introduced, and Premium Salads are added to the U. S. menu 2004- McDonald’s Chairman and CEO Jim Cantalupo passes away, Chicken Selects and Go Active! Happy Meal for adults are added to the U. S. menu, and The Happy Meal celebrates 25 years 2005-Former President and CEO Charlie Bell passes away and McDonald’s celebrates its 50th anniversary on April 15 McDonald’s Corporation. (2006). McDonald’s Timeline. Retrieved April 3, 2006, from http:// www. mcdonaldscorp. com (Yahoo! Finance, 2013) (Wikipedia, 2013) (Business Company Resource Center, 2012) Stakeholders and the Corporate Mission Stakeholder Impact Analysis The stakeholders’ impact analysis provides information such as the identification of the stakeholders; identify stakeholders’ interests and concerns, and mainly their overall input of the company (Hill Jones, 2004). Stakeholders include the environment, customers, community, and resources. McDonald’s stakeholders include customers, employees, owners and operators, suppliers, and shareholders. McDonald’s seeks to learn about their stakeholders’ special interests, concerns, and expectations for the business. The stakeholders are also important because they inform the company about what they are doing and also to gain feedback to use as guidance. The stakeholders who are most important to the organization are the customers. The customers are important to McDonald’s because they contribute to the day-to-day contacts that are at the restaurant level and they have the opportunity to initiate contact to the organization as a whole (McDonald’s, 2013). Customers are also important because they are why the business is profitable in the restaurant industry. Mission Statement, Values, and Goals McDonald’s mission is to â€Å"be our customers’ favorite place and way to eat† (McDonald’s, 2013). The values that McDonald’s practices are â€Å"Aspiring to be the best employer, giving back to the community, holding ourselves to the highest possible ethical standards and more† (McDonald’s, 2013). The goals that McDonald’s aims to achieve embrace and reflect the diversity of the customers and communities they serve each day. They provide a framework of common values to empower their owner/operators, suppliers, and company staff to be committed to fulfilling its corporate responsibility (McDonald’s, 2013). Corporate Governance A company’s goal is to uphold certain principles when it comes to the well-being of the company. McDonald’s has put mechanisms in place to collectively put together the interests of different levels of management from corporate to local. An organization’s function cannot be strategically carried out if the mechanisms put in place are insufficient. The corporate governance of McDonald’s imposes a code of conduct for directors as well as chief officers. McDonald’s is proud of its governance structure (McDonald’s, 2013). There are not any problems that occur because of the mechanisms present in the governance structure. These mechanisms include the board of directors, and board compensation. Ethical Climate The top managers of McDonald’s have incorporated ethics and values into the company. The board of directors ensures the oversight of the business and assets of the corporation are always conducted in an ethical manner. The board also adopted a written governance of McDonald’s principles in 1994. The corporation is dedicated to preserving the veracity in all of its dealing with stakeholders. McDonald’s mission statement proclaims to â€Å"Promote Diversity and Inclusion among our Employees, Owner/Operator’s and Suppliers who represent the diverse populations McDonald’s serves around the globe† (McDonald’s, 2013). The company strives to be a good neighbor in the community and integrate both environment and social priorities into their relationships with suppliers, restaurants, and business allies (McDonald’s, 2013). However, in 2002, McDonald’s was in one of largest corporate PR disasters in the world. They were handed writs for libel where a judge issued a verdict that McDonald’s was responsible for worker’s low wages and exploiting children in their advertising (â€Å"The Issues Advertising†, 2006). Yet, McDonald’s polices and guidelines stipulate how they define and perform business. The operating guidelines also determine means for termination and disciplinary action for employees who violate standard business conduct or the law (â€Å"McDonald’s Family†, 2013). Corporate Social Responsibility McDonald’s does well over its share to better serve the community and to pay attention to social and environment issues regarding its restaurants. The company has initiated the following programs for the community: Balanced, Active Lifestyles Initiative and Ronald McDonald House Charities. The programs are geared toward social and environment issues including McRecycle and water conservation. McDonald’s also has a code of conduct to make sure that its suppliers do their part to be socially responsible. McDonald’s program Balanced, Active Lifestyles Initiative is all about helping everyone learn and make healthy choices in their lifestyles. The program provides information on what is healthy in the menu choice, the importance of physical activity, and information regarding nutrition facts. The information provided in the menu choice informs people of healthy foods available such as fruits, salads, and grilled chicken. The restaurants in Denmark and Sweden have taken notes and now offer carrot slices in their menu. The information provided on the importance of physical activity stresses ways for people to get exercise into their daily routine. The global program â€Å"Go Active† has been created to promote fitness through walking and through its Ronald McDonald fitness show. The program is also a sponsor of the Olympic Games. In addition, the â€Å"Go Active† program helps to inform people with nutrition facts through the information from the menu choice and by the nutrition information label found on the products. The Ronald McDonald House Charities consist of programs called Ronald McDonald Home, Ronald McDonald Family Room, Ronald McDonald Care Mobile, and Ronald McDonald Scholarship Program. All of these programs are geared toward helping to ensure that children all over can live a healthy and safe lifestyle. Majority of the donations are distributed during World Children’s Day, which is a global fundraiser that is held every year for children in over 100 countries. Recently, McDonald’s has been using their donations from the Ronald McDonald House Charities to help support the hurricane relief efforts. The hurricane relief efforts are geared toward assisting McDonald’s employees, customers, and relief effort workers who are in need of financial help. McRecycle is a program in which McDonald’s utilizes recycled-content products such as tray liners, Happy Meal boxes, and carryout bags. The company is the largest user of recycled-content products in the fast-food restaurant industry. The McRecycle program has helped to create new markets for many recycled-content products. McDonald’s has developed a Global Water Team that develops water safety and conservation programs. The program target is to conserve water where it is scarce. Their duties include collecting rain water for land irrigation, installing low-flush toilets, auto-sensor faucets, and to ensure that the staff tries to conserve water in operating the restaurant facilities. McDonald’s feels that it is important that its suppliers do their part to be socially responsive. That is why the code of conduct and animal welfare guiding principles has been established. The code of conduct for suppliers lays out how McDonald’s expects its suppliers to treat their employees, conduct their procedures, and to ensure that any outside employee adheres to the code as well. There is training, facility assessments, and enhancement plans that are required by suppliers as part of their accountability. The animal welfare guiding principles are targeted toward safety, quality, animal treatment, partnership, leadership, performance measurement, and communication. The main activity in the animal welfare program is its global audit system for beef, poultry, and pork processing plants. This activity involves animal research and contains technical standards for animal treatment that must be adhered to (McDonald’s, 2013). Mcdonalds free essay sample An examination of the restaurant Mc Donalds and its business today. (more)

Oedipus The King Free Will Vs Fate Essays - Greek Mythology

Oedipus the King: Free Will vs Fate Oedipus the King: Free Will vs Fate The events in Oedipus the King, written by Sophocles, show an underlying relationship of man's free will existing within the cosmic order or fate which the Greeks believed guided the universe in a harmonious purpose. Man was free to choose and was ultimately held responsible for his own actions. Both the concept of fate and free will played an itregal part in Oedipus' destruction. Although he was a victim of fate, he was not controlled by it. Oedipus was destined from birth to someday marry his mother and to murder his father. This prophecy, as warned by the oracle of Apollo at Delphi was unconditional and inevitably would come to pass, no matter what he may have done to avoid it. His past actions were determined by fate, but what he did in Thebes, he did so of his own will. From the beginning of this tragedy, Oedipus took many actions leading to his own downfall. Oedipus could have waited for the plague to end, but out of compassion for his suffering people, he had Creon go to Delphi. When he learned of Apollo's word, he could have calmly investigated the murder of the former King Laius, but in his hastiness, he passionately curses the murderer, and in so, unknowingly curses himself. "Upon the murderer I invoke this curse- whether he is one man and all unknown, or one of many- may he wear out his life in misery or doom! If with my knowledge he lives at my hearth, I pray that I myself may feel my curse." (pg. 438; lines 266-271) In order for Sophecles' Greek audience to relate to the tragic figure, he had to have some type of flaws or an error of ways. This brought the character down to a human level, invoking in them the fear that "it could happen to them." And Oedipus certainly is not one without flaws. His pride, ingnorance, insolence and disbelief in the gods, and unrelenting quest for the truth ultimately contributed to his destuction. When Oedipus was told (after threatening Teiresias), that he was responsible for the murder of Laius, he became enraged and calls the old oracle a liar. He ran away from his home, Corinth, in hopes of outsmarting the gods divine will. Like his father, Oedipus also sought ways to escape the horrible destiny told by the oracle of Apollo. The chorus warns us of man's need to have reverence for the gods, and the dangers of too much pride. "If a man walks with haughtiness of hand or word and gives no heed to Justice and the shrines of Gods despises- may an evil doom smite him for his ill-starred pride of heart!- if he reaps gains without justice and will not hold from impiety and his fingers itch for untouchable things. When such things are done, what man shall contrive to shield his soul from the shafts of the God?" (pg. 452; 975-984) Oedipus' unyielding desire to uncover the truth about Laius' murder and the mystery surrounding his own birth, led him to the tragic realization of his horrific deeds. Teiresias, Jocasta and the herdsman tried to stop him from pursuing the truth. Take for example a part of the last conversation between Jocasta and Oedipus. After realizing that the prophecy had came true, Jacasta begs him to just let the mystery go unsolved for once. "I beg you- do not hunt this out- I beg you, if you have any care for your own life. What I am suffering is enough." (pg. 461; 1158-1161) Oedipus replies, "I will not be persuaded to let chance of finding out the whole thing clearly." (pg. 461; 1166-1167) He is unable to stop his quest for the truth, even under his wife's pleading. For it is in his own vain that he must solve the final riddle, the riddle of his own life. Upon discovery of the truth of his birth from the herdsman, Oedipus cries, "I who first saw the light bred of a match accursed, and accursed in my living with them, cursed in my killing." (pg. 465; 1300-1303) Oedipus knew that his fate had indeed come to pass and feels cursed by it. The chorus then sings an ode on the sorrow of life and the tragic fate to which even the most honored, like Oedipus are ultimately subject. "What man, what man on earth wins more happiness than a seeming and after that turning away? Oedipus you are my pattern of

Definition of a Boson Particle

Definition of a Boson Particle In particle physics, a boson is a type of particle that obeys the rules of Bose-Einstein statistics. These bosons also have a quantum spin with contains an integer value, such as 0, 1, -1, -2, 2, etc. (By comparison, there are other types of particles, called fermions, that have a half-integer spin, such as 1/2, -1/2, -3/2, and so on.) Whats So Special About a Boson? Bosons are sometimes called force particles, because it is the bosons that control the interaction of physical forces, such as electromagnetism and possibly even gravity itself. The name boson comes from the surname of Indian physicist Satyendra Nath Bose, a brilliant physicist from the early twentieth century who worked with Albert Einstein to develop a method of analysis called Bose-Einstein statistics. In an effort to fully understand Plancks law (the thermodynamics equilibrium equation that came out of Max Plancks work on the blackbody radiation problem), Bose first proposed the method in a 1924 paper trying to analyze the behavior of photons. He sent the paper to Einstein, who was able to get it published ... and then went on to extend Boses reasoning beyond mere photons, but also to apply to matter particles. One of the most dramatic effects of Bose-Einstein statistics is the prediction that bosons can overlap and coexist with other bosons. Fermions, on the other hand, cannot do this, because they follow the Pauli Exclusion Principle  (chemists focus primarily on the way the Pauli Exclusion Principle impacts the behavior of electrons in orbit around an atomic nucleus.) Because of this, it is possible for photons to become a laser and some matter is able to form the exotic state of a Bose-Einstein condensate. Fundamental Bosons According to the Standard Model of quantum physics, there are a number of fundamental bosons, which are not made up of smaller particles. This includes the basic gauge bosons, the particles that mediate the fundamental forces of physics (except for gravity, which well get to in a moment). These four gauge bosons have spin 1 and have all been experimentally observed: Photon - Known as the particle of light, photons carry all electromagnetic energy and act as the gauge boson that mediates the force of electromagnetic interactions.Gluon - Gluons mediate the interactions of the strong nuclear force, which binds together quarks to form protons and neutrons and also holds the protons and neutrons together within an atoms nucleus.W Boson - One of the two gauge bosons involved in mediating the weak nuclear force.Z Boson - One of the two gauge bosons involved in mediating the weak nuclear force. In addition to the above, there are other fundamental bosons predicted, but without clear experimental confirmation (yet): Higgs Boson - According to the Standard Model, the Higgs Boson is the particle that gives rise to all mass. On July 4, 2012, scientists at the Large Hadron Collider announced that they had good reason to believe theyd found evidence of the Higgs Boson. Further research is ongoing in an attempt to get better information about the particles exact properties. The particle is predicted to have a quantum spin value of 0, which is why it is classified as a boson.Graviton - The graviton is a theoretical particle which has not yet been experimentally detected. Since the other fundamental forces - electromagnetism, strong nuclear force, and weak nuclear force - are all explained in terms of a gauge boson that mediates the force, it was only natural to attempt to use the same mechanism to explain gravity. The resulting theoretical particle is the graviton, which is predicted to have a quantum spin value of 2.Bosonic Superpartners - Under the theory of supersymmetry, every fermion would have a so-far-undetected bosonic counterpart. Since there are 12 fundamental fermions, this would suggest that - if supersymmetry is true - there are another 12 fundamental bosons that have not yet been detected, presumably because they are highly unstable and have decayed into other forms. Composite Bosons Some bosons are formed when two or more particles join together to create an integer-spin particle, such as: Mesons - Mesons are formed when two quarks bond together. Since quarks are fermions and have half-integer spins, if two of them are bonded together, then the spin of the resulting particle (which is the sum of the individual spins) would be an integer, making it a boson.Helium-4 atom - A helium-4 atom contains 2 protons, 2 neutrons, and 2 electrons ... and if you add up all of those spins, youll end up with an integer every time. Helium-4 is particularly noteworthy because it becomes a superfluid when cooled to ultra-low temperatures, making it a brilliant example of Bose-Einstein statistics in action. If youre following the math, any composite particle that contains an even number of fermions is going to be a boson, because an even number of half-integers is always going to add up to an integer.

Media reading analysis and response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Media reading analysis and response - Essay Example Some scholars, like Myoshi, have argued that we are in many important ways living in a more mobile world where transient actors experience greater freedoms and decreased loyalties. Such a frame work implies a substantial decline in the significance of traditional notions of borders and the nation-state. In the field of education William Brody, the President of Johns Hopkins University, sees opportunities and constraints as knowledge and services become less connected to nation-states and physical sites. How one views the world therefore affects how one anticipates the future. This essay will examine Myoshi's suggestion that the nation-state has declined in important ways; in addition, it will discuss the future implications for the future development of media systems in the Asia-Pacific. As an initial matter, while conceding that Myoshi characterizes the modern world as less national and more ethnically-oriented, he does not state flatly that the nation-state is non-existent or wholly irrelevant; the specific problem, in his view, that "we face now is how to understand today's global configuration of power and culture that is both similar and different vis--vis the historical-colonial paradigm" (1993: 727). This new global configuration is traced from colonization to decolonization to the modern setting. It is ironic that Myoshi refers to the decline of the nation-state in the article's title. This is ironic because the nation-state is also characterized as a myth created and perpetuated by major western powers and one must reconcile whether the decline to which Myoshi refers is to a decline in the influence of an actual nation-state or a decrease in the effectiveness or the legitimacy of the nation-state myth. A careful reading suggests that it is the myth that is in decline. This conclusion is the most plausible for several reasons. First, Myoshi suggest that the goals and the powers have over time been rather consistent. What has changed, mostly, has been the proffered justification for engaging in exploitive behavior. The world has evolved, for instance, from the War on Communism to the War on Terrorism. The world has evolved from colonization to globalization. Labels and slogans change, but the pursuits and the consequences do not. Indeed, referring to a decolonized globe, Myoshi sees little change in terms of consequences for the exploited and the powerless, arguing that the nation-state was always a western-imposed "cartographic unit" (1993: 729), a "counterfeit reproduction" of the colonizer's own administrative structure (1993: 730), and, in effect, a contrived and disingenuous creation. Second, Myoshi argues that with the end of formal colonialism new myths and contrivances have been manufactured by capitalist powers. One set of myths has been sw ept under the rug and another risen to accomplish the same objectives. Third, and persuasively, Myoshi demonstrates how western notions of the nation-state and nationality conflict significantly with more local notions related to ethnicity and ethnic identity. People tend to align themselves more along ethnic lines than national identity and this suggests that Myoshi may be correct of both counts: that the

A cold way to get a job - Emerging Trend Research Paper

A cold way to get a job - Emerging Trend - Research Paper Example For smaller organizations, the process of selecting the right candidate is much simpler as they review the resumes they receive until that time when they find the appropriate candidate for their position. Modern tracking systems are programmed the way that enable them to scan for keywords, former employers or the years of professional experience of the candidate. This help the companies to rank the applicants on the first step of the recruitment process. Those candidates who earned low scores do not pass on the next level. However, tracking system has its pitfalls. It sometimes misses the most- qualified candidate, because that person does not include the keywords from the job description. Moreover, the idea of the system is not in replacing the human screeners entirely. It simply allows the experts to narrow the field of search to the one that hiring manager can handle. In addition, the recruitment specialists state that the only successful method of getting a job for the candidate is to obtain the referral from a previous company employer. As it was stated before, small companies usually do not deal with tracking systems, but still the job seekers are often surprised when they do not hear back anything from small organizations. These companies rarely use an applicant-tracking system, as it is cost-effective, instead they use a well- trafficked job board to gather hundreds of responses. To help the applicant to find the job of his or her dream, hiring specialists recommend different methods. Every job advertisement is different and it requires the applicant to make sure one understands each requirement. That is to read carefully the  whole  announcement to make sure one follows all the requirements to apply. What any tracking system and them hiring specialist would notice is the accuracy of the entered information. Here spell check and proofread are essential,

Kinship, ritual , gender FINAL ANTHROPHOLOGY ESSAY

Kinship, ritual , gender FINAL ANTHROPHOLOGY - Essay Example seen the extent of shrinking (if any) of the specific, and why not crucial, role that they have played in forming and supporting the stability of those communities, and societies in question, in the context of the global social change. The paper argues that due to the more and more accelerating process of global culture change, driven by the steadily increasing contact between cultures and societies worldwide (whose first timid steps could be sought at some point in the distant Middle Ages), more or less, all existing societies have been heavily influenced in the sense of altering social dynamics and promoting new cultural models. This paper argues as well, that the phenomenon of cultural diffusion, first conceptualized by the influential American anthropologist Alfred L. Kroeber and fueled by the patterns of change for the world in the last several decades, is drifting the contemporary civilization toward creation of a global multicultural society with its own universal cultural form and content, including a new set of appropriate rituals, but also containing the traditional cultural patterns of its constituent communities. Given the aforesaid, the paper advocates the idea that the traditional tribal or religion- born rituals, in particular those with initiation meaning and function, though inevitably affected by the social shifts, will keep on playing an important role not just as an indicator of affiliation to a particular community, but also as a structurally bracing part of any community’s organism. Since the very dawn of the simplest human societies, even before the earliest civilizations to emerge, the rituals had taken up an immense room within the core and foundation of each of those societies. This is especially true for a particular class of rituals, which pervasively attend throughout the whole life cycle of an individual - male or female; named, analyzed and characterized for the first time by Arnold van Gennep as ‘rites of passage’- in his

Antibiotics for Treatment of Acute Otitis Media

Antibiotics for Treatment of Acute Otitis Media The role of Antibiotics for Treatment of Acute Otitis Media in Prevention of Subsequent Development of Acute Mastoiditis in Children Introduction Acute otitis media (AOM) is considered to be one of the most common infections in children. Most of the time it is self-limiting disease without need for antibiotic therapy; however, some children have individual potential for serious complications such as mastoiditis. Acute mastoiditis is still the most common complication of acute Otitis media and is defined as an acute inflammation of the mastoid air cells which are contiguous with the middle ear cleft and arising as a result of spread of infection from acute otitis media beyond the middle ear. The incidence of acute mastoiditis was signià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ cantly reduced following the antibiotic era and the overall incidence of mastoiditis as a complication of acute otitis media dropped to less than 1%.1,3. But some recent literature indicated an increase of the disease incidence especially in countries with less antibiotic prescription [2], while others reported that no increased incidence despite the national restriction guidelines of antibiotics prescription [4]. Most recently published guidelines reported that acute otitis media should be treated initially with supportive therapy with discretionary clinical follow-up and antibiotic treatment is reserved for cases in children younger than 6 months, unresolving cases, or otherwise complicated cases. The aim of this study was to carry out a retrospective analysis of all children admitted with acute mastoiditis and to study the role of antibiotics prescribed for acute otitis media on development of acute mastoiditis. Patients and Methods The medical records of all children admitted, diagnosed and treated as acute mastoiditis in the Ear, Nose and Throat department in King Hussein Medical center, Amman- Jordan during the period 2002 to 2012 were studied retrospectively. Patients were divided into 2 groups: Group I: patients who received antibiotics for acute otitis media 2 weeks pre hospitalization. Group II: patients who did not receive antibiotics prior to hospitalization. The clinical criteria for the diagnosis of acute mastoiditis were based on the following: Clinical and Otomicroscopic evidence of acute otitis media on admission or recent episode of otitis media within 2 weeks before admission. Post-auricular inflammatory signs (swelling, erythema and tenderness). Anteroinferior displacement of the auricle. Exclusion criteria were: Patients with incomplete data or in which the diagnosis was not conclusive. Patients suspected to have cholesteatoma. Immune compromised patients. Patients with ventilation tubes in situ. Patients who had undergone prior ear surgeries. Data regarding the age, gender, and duration of pre hospitalization antibiotic therapy, the clinical and microbiological findings, treatment modality and the outcome of the disease were recorded. Results During the study period, a total number of 63 children were admitted with the diagnosis of acute mastoiditis (42 males and 21 females) aged from 7 months to 13 years with a mean age of 5.7 years. Out of 63 patients, 56 (88.9%) patients had post auricular inflammation only whereas the remainder 7 (11.1%) cases had a subperiosteal abscess. The preadmission history demonstrated that 52 (82.5%) patients had a history of antecedent acute otitis media within 2 weeks before admission. Before the development of acute mastoiditis, we recorded that 41(65.1%) children were taking oral antibiotics 2 weeks before admission prescribed for acute otitis media (Group I) with duration of therapy ranging between 1-13 days (mean duration 3.6 days). The most commonly prescribed antibiotic prior to hospitalization was amoxicillin–clavulanic acid (n=30) followed by amoxicillin (n = 6), and à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ rst or second-generation cephalosporin (n = 5). On other hand 11 patients did not use any type of antibiotics before admission which was confirmed by the Parents of patients (Group II). The duration of illness before admission of patient was ranging between 1-14 days (mean 3.5  ± 3.1 days). Acute otitis media in the left side was reported to be more common than the right side (25 cases vs. 20 cases, respectively), Whereas 7 children were reported to have bilateral acute otitis media. None of our patients reported to have bilateral mastoiditis. The Clinical features of children with acute mastoiditis on admission are shown in table I. Computerized tomography of the Temporal bone was performed on admission in all patients and cloudiness of the mastoid was demonstrated in all the patients. In 7 cases there was destruction of cortex with subperiosteal abscess. Data regarding microbiological culture findings was recorded in 48 patients, of whom 25 (52%) cultures were taken from middle ear aspirate during myringotomy; culture of pus from the external auditory canal was obtained in 11 patients (23%), from subperiosteal abscess in 7 patients (14.6%) and from the mastoid cavity during mastoidectomy in 5 patients (10.4%). The most commonly isolated organisms were Streptococcus pneumonia, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Proteus mirabilis and Haemophilus inà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡uenzae. On admission, all of the patients were treated with intravenous antibiotics and the most commonly used antibiotics were ceftriaxone, cefuroxime, Ceftazidime and Metronidazole. In addition to Intravenous antibiotics, some patients were underwent tympanostomy tube insertion, abscess drainage and cortical mastoidectomy. All patients in our study were recovered uneventfully with these treatment modalities and none of them developed recurrences of mastoiditis within a period of at least one year of clinical follow up. Discussion Although, in the literature the incidence of acute mastoiditis decreased in the last decades, there is some evidence that in recent years, this entity is rising, as Papournas and Kudo [6,9] have reported. However, our series includes 63 cases of acute mastoiditis in 10 years period. The demographic data collected in this study with regard to gender and age was consistent with other series [3, 7, 1 2]. Acute mastoiditis has been reported to be more predominant in boys as has been noted previously [11—14]. The use of broad spectrum antibiotics as initial treatment for acute otitis media, a rather common practice in our country, might play a role in selecting resistant microorganisms. In our study, in which 65.1% children were taking oral antibiotics for otitis media before admission provides evidence for the assumption that widespread use of antimicrobials in treatment of acute otitis media does not provide complete protection against acute mastoiditis. Furthermore, the symptoms of acute mastoiditis may be abated, in consequence of the treatment, requiring a high degree of awareness by contemporary clinicians to watch for manifestations. Therefore, antimicrobials should be used judiciously in treatment of acute otitis media, avoiding the employment of broad-spectrum drugs as an initial regimen. Yet, complete abstention from use of antibiotics in treatment of suppurative otitis media is not advisable, as this seems to increase the risk of complications in general and of acute mastoiditi s in particular [15,16]. Recently, some authors observed that the number of children admitted to some hospitals with acute mastoiditis has risen [12-14]. However, Luntz et al [15] reported that the use of antibiotics is not a safe guard against acute mastoiditis and it may lead to a latent (masked) mastoiditis. Also, Kvaerner et al [4] In their registry based study on 399 Norwegian children proved that the incidence of acute mastoiditis has not been increased in Norway despite the national restricted use of antibiotics in primary care. Findings in children with acute mastoiditis are well described in clinical studies. In agreement with our à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ndings the children are young, and present with retroauricular oedema, protrusion of the ear and abnormal tympanic membranes in addition to various degrees of general discomfort [1,5 – 9]. The most frequent symptom in our study was abnormal tympanic membrane with retroauricular erythema. During the last decade several reports show a decreasing rate of cortical mastoidectomy as the treatment of choice for acute mastoiditis. The rate of surgery varies greatly from 12 – 98% in different studies [1,4 – 8]. This may be due to different criteria for the diagnosis and may also reà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ect the fact that an increasing portion of children are treated in pediatric wards. The increasing tendency for conservative treatment during the recent years may also reà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ect an increasing availability of CT or MR scans to exclude complications. Microbiological culture findings were recorded in 48 patients in this study and Streptococcus pneumonia was the most commonly isolated organism. Similar results have been reported by other authors [2,6,12,15,16]. Other identià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ed organisms were Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Proteus mirabilis and Haemophilus inà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡uenzae. Our data do not support that general use of antibiotics in acute otitis media will prevent the subsequent development of acute mastoiditis. Neurological complications was reported in 5 – 20% in the literature [2,3,15], although recent publications show a lower rate of complications [6,12]. In our material none of the patients developed neurological complications. Conclusion References Table I Clinical features on admission of 63 children with Acute Mastoiditis

The warmth of human emotion :: essays research papers

The Warmth of Human Emotion Heat and warmth are usually depicted as elements of comfort and security. This warmth is what people crave to achieve this comfort. In Evelyn Lau’s â€Å"Family,† the heat and warmth give deeper meaning in regards to human emotion. The contrasting images of ice and cold as well resemble the abstract human emotion in the short story. The elements are used in such a way as to satisfy the hunger of emotional warmth in regards to the characters Zoe and Douglas. As the story unfolds there is a sense of coldness surrounding the community. The setting stage for the action is in fact a community in a cold winter. Through warmth is how one reaches one’s own comfort level. It is noted to the extent that one must almost search for the warmth inside one’s self to achieve this comfort. In the case of Zoe she achieves warmth though emotional stability. Both Zoe and Douglas do search for this but by intention are both quite different. As the friendly relationship between the two progresses, it soon evolves into a hot and steamy relationship full of adultery and deception. Lam 2 Zoe in the case of the relationship is the one who seems to crave this warmth. It is soon noted that her attraction towards Douglas becomes almost too great for her to control herself. Even though she knows that the man she desires is a well-respected man with a wife and children, she feels compelled to satisfy her own desire, thus deeming herself as being selfish. Yet at this point, as she is acquainted with the wife, Ellen, she still thinks about the warm touch of Douglas’ hand and how she is drawn to his warmth. As Zoe is left alone by herself, thoughts of sexual depictions come into her mind. As cold as she feels she pictures Douglas and his Wife in a cuddling scenario in the master bedroom. At this point she feels somewhat jealous of the fact that Ellen is his wife instead if herself. By occupying her mind with images of Douglas â€Å"wrapp[ing] his arms around his wife, her stomach and, her breasts† (Lau 1153), Zoe feels even more compelled to satisfy her desire f or Douglas. Her craving for Douglas’ emotional warmth becomes too unbearable for her as she watches the dead animals hung up in the organic-foods market. She â€Å"resist[s] the urge to lean forward and stroke her fingertips down the grain of their feathers and fur, towards the belly warm as the belly of a sleeping man† (Lau 1154).

International Trade and Starbucks Essay

The original idea for Starbucks came from Howard Schultz after he took a trip to Italy. He was inspired by the coffee house experience and wanted to bring it to America. The lesson that can be drawn from this situation is that business formats in other countries can be translated successfully in other parts of the world. New opportunities can be taken advantage of internationally wherever there is a need for it. 2) What drove Starbucks to start expanding internationally? How is the company creating value for its shareholders by pursuing an international expansion strategy? The success that Starbucks was having in America drove the company to expand to other countries. In 1995 Starbucks had over 700 profitable stores across the U. S. and began exploring the international market in Japan. By entering the international market Starbucks is becoming a part of the global market. This brings value to shareholders because the world is moving towards globalization and it is necessary for companies to change their market strategy to meet the conditions of the global market. An international expansion strategy allows Starbucks to compete in the market more effectively and create more value for shareholders. 3) Why do you think Starbucks decided to enter the Japanese market via a joint venture with a Japanese company? What lesson can you draw from this? I believe Starbucks did a Japanese joint venture to help reduce the risk. Since the Japanese company Sazaby Inc. also had a 50% stake in the company it benefits Starbucks to have a partner who knows that Japanese market and who also has economical interest in seeing the company succeed. This shows that entering into joint ventures in international territories can help facilitate growth and lessen the financial burden if international ventures happen to fail. 4) Is Starbucks a force for globalization? Explain your answer. Yes, I believe Starbucks is a force for globalization. Starbucks is a multinational enterprise that has operations in countries all over the world like Canada, Japan, Britain, Thailand, and New Zealand. Starbucks empowers workers and farmers around the world and contributes to the economic growth of the global economy. 5) When it comes to purchasing coffee beans, Starbucks adheres to a â€Å"fair trade† program. What do you think is the difference between fair trade and free trade? How might a fair trade policy benefit Starbucks? Fair trade is a system that ensures that workers and exporters get a fair profit from the goods that the sell. Free trade is strictly based on the markets supply and demand for goods and services without regulation or moral implications. The fair trade policy that Starbucks adheres too will make consumers feel better about purchasing goods from their store. Many people are conscious about unfair wages and treatment of workers around the world and are more attracted to companies that do not follow the cheap labour trend.

Agrarian Reform and Economic Development in Mexico essays

Agrarian Reform and Economic Development in Mexico essays Agrarian Reform and Economic Development in Mexico Many people in todays Third World society rely solely on farming in order to survive. However, most Third World agricultural areas are home to the worst conditions imaginable. These areas are often poverty stricken, despite the fact that the peasants supply a considerable share of the gross national product in many underdeveloped nations. The rural regions of Third World nations are often overcrowded and not sanitary, and many inhabitants are unlikely to possess many amenities that people from developed nations take for granted. Many countries, including Mexico, have taken steps toward agrarian reform. By returning power to the peasants, the nations are attempting to reconcile a system gone wrong. There are many reasons for agrarian reform to take place, such as needs for social justice, higher productivity, environmental preservation, political stability, and economic growth (Handelman 110-113). The five are intertwined with one another, each with its own level of importance, but economic development may be perhaps the most significant argument for agrarian reform. As the purchasing power (of workers) increases, they are able to utilize more national goods, thus encouraging economic growth (Handelman 113). Around the world, the poorest of the poor are the landless in rural areas, followed closely by the land-poor, or those whose poor quality plots are too small to support a family. They make up the bulk of the rural poor and starving, and it is in rural areas where the worst poverty and hunger are found. The development of agricultural production for export controlled by wealthy elites, who own the best lands, continually displaces the poor to ever more marginal areas for farming. They are forced to fell forests located on poor soils and to farm easily eroded soils on precipitous slopes as they fall deeper into distress, despite their comparativel...

Technology in the Workplace essays

Technology in the Workplace essays There are several different ways companys use technology to save time, money and overall simply make thing run more smoothly. The first of these technological advances include automating administrative functions. This includes computerizing employee work hours and the management of expense forms. This reduces time needed to collect, process and distribute information. This also reduces the margin of error due to manual input. Second, companies are using computer networks for company wide information sharing. This allows company wide news and information to be distributed faster and more affordably than printed announcements or company meetings. This technology also gives the businesses the ability to respond quickly to market changes. Electronic archives of data also can be created, reducing the need to file and store some documents. Third, businesses and management can use technology to share information sources. This gives managers the ability to access and Internet based schedules that who give him the ability to pick a meeting time that would work for the entire working team. In the past, this employee would have needed to consult each person individually about schedules and inform everyone when a suitable meeting tie had been identified. Companies also use technology to communicate instantly and affordably. Computers allow workers to communicate with each other in real time via the Internet, regardless of their location without large expense. In the past, coordinating resources in multiple offices required administrative team, long-distance phone calls, and teleconferences. Lastly, out of area workers can gather online in Internet-based conference rooms to edit documents or share presentations. For example, there are private Web sites that allow employees to work together on the same set of documents in a secure Web room. They can also set up document libraries and discussion boards. This proc...

The growing role of PM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The growing role of PM - Essay Example Project management is the planning, organizing, directing and controlling of company resources for a relatively short-term objective that has been established to complete specific goals and objectives. For planning and organizing the resources, Program evaluation and review technique(PERT) and Critical Path Method (CPM) are widely used techniques for better planning and control in project management. It forms the basis for all planning and predicting and these techniques provide the management with the ability to plan for the best possible use of resources to achieve a goal within the stipulated time and allotted budget. These techniques which were used for defense during the World War II, are now used by business managers across the world to get a visibility of the activities involved in the project so that repetition of activities is reduced. It helps the management to handle the uncertainties involved in the program by analyzing how much time is required for each activity and which activity is crucial for the timely completion of the project. It is useful for the management to collect all the relevant information for making decisions. The major deficiency of other methods such as the Gantt, milestone or bubble chart is the inability to show the interdependencies between event s and activities, which is overcome in the network analysis. The foremost advantage of PERT is that it requires planning in detail to create a network of activities. Network development and critical path analysis reveal interdependencies and problem areas that are not very clear if other methods are used. The technique lays its focus on determining where the greatest effort should be made for a project to stay on schedule. The next greatest advantage of network analysis is that the business manager can know about the probability of meeting specified deadlines by development of alternative plans. Another advantage of this analysis is that we can evaluate the effect of changes in the program. For example this

CT scans to detect lung cancer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

CT scans to detect lung cancer - Essay Example In this research, the researchers have concluded that 80 percent of lung cancers can be detected in early stages through CT screening and what they are trying to tell is lung cancer is not all that bad, which is actually beneficial for a tobacco company because, the worst health problem projected against smoking is lung cancer. Funding by any other company other than a tobacco company could have avoided this conflict of interest. 2. CT screening is fraught with risk of radiation. It is also an expensive procedure and can contribute to unnecessary biopsies and surgeries in those with cancers that actually do not progress. Because of this, critics have raised ethical issues about routine screening of individuals at risk of cancer, i.e., those with history of smoking. The better way to prevent lung cancer is to educate people about the risks associated with smoking a nd various measures to prevent smoking. 3. The researchers, Dr. Henschke and Dr. Yankelevitz did not disclose one patent and 10 pending patents concerned to screening of lung cancer with CT scan. The patent was issued to general Electric, one of the prominent makers of CT scanners.

Drug Testing Network INC Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Drug Testing Network INC - Research Paper Example The experience that any user has on Drug Testing Network INC website is not fascinating as compared the competitors’ websites. Experience on the website is very important since it captures the interest of the website user who is aimed to get information. Drug Testing Network INC should gear towards making sure that its website is pretty with rich content. The company should ensure that there is an exceptional online experience for every person visiting and revisiting the website. The website should have an appealing effect on the senses as well as arousing a profound desire that is linked with the brand through enveloping each visitor on the website. Therefore, it is very important for Drug Testing Network INC to make sure that the website is appealing enough to influence positive influence of any website visitor. Building an online experience can be easy and challenging depending on the approach that the company desires to choose. First, it will be important for Drug Testing Network INC to ensure that the website has features that are flashier than the competitors. The website can be designed in such a way that it incorporates animations, captivating sound effects, videos on the website, increase microsite and content on the website. All these effects should not be made in such a way that they cloud the content of the information. Drug Testing Network INC should consider a reputable web agency and other interactive media companies to give them e-business advice.

An event in your life that changed you Essay Example for Free

An event in your life that changed you Essay A new house, new school, and a completely new atmosphere were ahead of my nine-year-old life. I had lived in the same house for what it seemed like forever and had attended the same school since first grade. I knew everyone. From January to December, my calendars were filled with birthday parties I had to attend. Performing in talent shows with my best friends Dezerey, Jasmine, and Nykchasia were a yearly activity at Garden Valley Elementary School. The Robinson Centers summer camp was mandatory for my big sister, Breonna, and me. I was used to familiarities like the Chihuahua that ran to the front of its gate and barked every time I rode past it on my sleek, black rollerblades. Those rollerblades made me feel untouchable, at ease and confident until I had to ride them in a new area, surrounded by new, unfamiliar people. Close to the end of my fourth grade year, my mother told my sister and me that we were moving to Terricina Gold Apartments in Natomas. I did not think it was going to change anything. I was probably a bit excited for what was to come. I can clearly remember my first day at Two Rivers Elementary school being terrified. I believe that was when it first hit me that I was not at home anymore. My comfort zone left was tarnished. I remember having butterflies and feeling as if I was going to faint before I stepped foot onto school grounds. When I got to the blacktop all I could do was stand there in silence. The other kids were standing around in there cliques and it was obvious that the fifth graders controlled the far left gate on the black top. I remember one girl that stood out. She looked larger than life in my eyes. She was bright skinned, tall and everyone seemed to flock to her. She made me feel small without even knowing her. I was having trouble finding my classroom number on the blacktop where my class was supposed to  line up. I completely gave up after a few minutes mainly because I felt so out of place I just wanted to hide. Not to mention I am legally blind and even with my glasses I still cannot see all that well so finding my class line was a far reach for my nine-year old mind. I felt out of place and inferior so I I took it upon myself to run away and hide in the nearest bathroom. I stayed in that bathroom for a while, even after the bell rang. I eventually decided to take a step out of the bathroom and walk to my class. In fourth grade I absolutely did not have any social skills. Many children lived in my new apartments. I envied their large groups of friends and seeing them made me miss my old ones. I could never gather up the courage to talk to anyone. Thankfully, I had my older sister. She is the most outgoing between us and she managed to know everyone in nearly a week of our residency. I eventually met everyone that lived in the apartments but I never felt at ease with them as I did with my old friends. I rode my rollerblades all around those apartments and they made me happy like a piece of home was with me. I never realized that I was in fact an introvert. I suppose I had always been a timid person my mother brings up her memories of my behavior as a child often. I never realized my childhood behavior until now. I remember my mom changing my teachers and being too afraid to walk into the classroom even though I knew the teacher and all the students well. Moving away from my familiarities showed how quiet and unsociable I was. I did not have friends at school until I was well into my seventh grade year. Today, I am on the verge of twenty-years-of-age, and I still have to work on speaking up and being more sociable. Before I had many friends and after I moved, I did not. I believe if I stayed where I lived before I would have been given a sense of security. Looking back, I believe I would not have gained a great number of wonderful friends. My experiences with people in my apartments are always the topic of conversation with my family and friends and they bring on tons of laughs and feelings of embarrassment. I love revisiting my old Natomas neighborhoods and seeing my old friends. We always joke saying TG (Terricina Gold) for life. I guess you can call it a family.

An Exploration Of Leadership Style Of Howard Schultz Management Essay

An Exploration Of Leadership Style Of Howard Schultz Management Essay This essay explores the leadership style of a successful international businessman, Howard Schultz, the Chief Executive Officer of Starbucks coffee-house company, arguably the worlds most successful coffee company. Fellner (2008) credited Schultz with having a highly successful year in 2003 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ with a net sales of $4.1 billion (almost twice what it had earned in 2000 when it yielded $265 million (p.16). Schultz was ranked as the 354th richest person within the USA in 2006 with a net worth of over one billion dollars (Forbes.com, 2006). Schultz joined the Starbucks Company initially as an executive in the early 1980s before becoming chief executive officer in 1987 and was credited for developing the company into an internationally recognized brand and multi-national corporation (James, 2009). He took a step down from CEO to Chairman in 2000 and witnessed the company struggle through the economic down-turn before returning to the helm as CEO in 2008 and navigating the compa ny through an international expansionist strategy whilst reducing the number of physical companies in the domestic US market. The premise of relevant leadership theories and models will be used to analyze the topic of Schultzs leadership style. In particular, one will assess the type of skills that he has demonstrated in order to ascertain his style of leadership in terms of competencies and meta-competencies. This assignment will enable the reader to understand what makes a successful entrepreneur and global leader by providing a lens into their world-view. In conjunction with references to academic discourse, the components of this effective leader are illuminated through a personal bibliography within the following section. CRITICAL ANALYSIS: LEADERSHIP THEORIES AND SCHULTZS LEADERSHIP STYLE Burns (1978) introduced a theory on leadership that has had global implications for organizations. At the heart of Burns argument was a differentiation between two different types of leader: transformational and transactional. The latter often bases his approach on interactions and exchanges with those at lower organizational tiers in order to meet his desired strategic goals. In turn, his employees get what they require such as a salary, praise or promotion in exchange for what the leader values (such as effective performance levels). Conversely, a transformational leader seeks to redress employee/follower concerns and meet their desires whilst leading effectively and dealing with organizational issues at a higher contextual level. In this latter respect, followers are accorded respect and encouraged to develop as persons in their own right. They are also encouraged to participate at a collective level in order to ensure organizational objectives are met. Transformational Leaders te nd to adapt a selling style of leadership. The influence of this approach is captured in the following quote: [It] engenders high levels of motivation and commitment among followers/members. The emphasis is on generating a vision for the organisation and leaders abilities to appeal to the higher ideals and values of followers/members in order to achieve high performance, high commitment and high inclusion to an organisation or system (Rodgers et al; 2003: p.16). The emphasis shift from Transactional to Transformational leadership occurred in order to redress the hierarchical imbalance associated with Transactional theories by encouraging active participation and inclusion amongst followers. Discourse widely proffers that effective leadership development is an ambiguous and contested concept due in part to the variability of peoples leadership styles. Bryman (2007) argues that heroic and hierarchical forms of leadership that focus on a leaders competencies and behaviours have traditionally prevailed within business circles yet are increasingly unsuitable in the current and somewhat chaotic, global business environment (Collinson, Collinson, 2009: p.367). It is widely argued that modern leaders must eschew novel skill-sets, meta-competencies such as inter-personal skills and positive behaviours in order to increase organizational efficiencies and effectiveness (Kiel and Watson, 2009). Kutz discusses some of the tensions emanating from globali zation and free-market structures where a: Constant pressure to innovate, gives rise to continually changing contexts. In turn, these phenomena require executives and leaders to respond and adapt to quickly changing contexts (2008: p.18). Schultz recent advocated the use of mobile technology to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of the company by accepting purchase payments through a mobile device. A Starbucks Card-Mobile iPhone application also enables use in a gift card capacity by presenting a technically secure QR bar code for baristas to scan in front of a high-tech 2D scanner during the payment process (Butcher, 2010). Participating customers now have the ability to reload their card balance via their mobile device using a major credit card. They also have the ability to check the status of their My Starbucks Reward status and to search for Starbuck stores in situ (ibid). From an historical perspective and before mobile technologies were piloted and implemented across New York Stores, Schultz had a vision to create 2000 physical stores by the year 2000. Some observers credit this vision with the driver behind Starbucks success. Schultz used his ability to translate this vision across the organizations management teams and supervisors who possessed micro level visions that directly sustained and supported his aims: His powerful communication skills define a leader who knows not only what he stands for, but also the values he promotes, and who knows how to make an emotional connection with his listeners (Bloomberg Businessweek, 2006: n.p). At a lower contextual level, management and supervisors directly supported their staff by providing them with the opportunity and resources to grow through various activities such as coaching, training, mentoring and educational opportunities. A shift towards a situated, networked and fluid leadership style based on n ovel forms of participation has been the consequence of Schultzs actions. Schultz stresses the importance of sharing both the success and the credit of entrepreneurship (Neff Citrin, 1999). Collinson Collinson cited research by Bolden et al. (2008, 2009) within the higher education establishments which identified strong evidence of distributed leadership. Conversely, and paradoxically, respondents (employees) also recognized the importance of powerful and inspiring leaders (2009: p.376). Schultz advocated the purchase of companies including Seattle Coffee Company in the UK and subsequently expanded their operations beyond the United States into Europe and South East Asia. By 2003 the number of stores rose to 6,000 and by 2010 approximately 16 thousand stores existed in over 50 countries (New York Times, 2010). The success of Starbucks has been attributed to Schultz collaborative style that contained powerful social essence, encouraged follower empowerment and which was seen as non-hierarchical and less-centralized compared to many other business models. Starbucks business strategy was driven by a man who exhibited effective leadership skills by empowering lower-tiered management and staff to participate in decision-making activities (associated with the 2000 vision) and by, for instance, providing universal healthcare for all employees. Starbucks uses 2 mission statements which are noted in the companys website: To inspire and nurture human spirit one person, one cu p, and one neighbourhood at a time and Starbucks is committed to a role of environmental leadership in all facets of our business (www.starbucks.com). James (2009) recently noted how the company still prides itself on its treatment of workers (baristas) who receive the same health benefits as all other tiers of the company: He gave baristas health care plus a share of the profit. When the AIDS epidemic was at its height, Starbucks paid for terminal illness care for employees for 29 months until the government took over (n.p). James also noted some of the current tensions facing Starbucks Corp and its CEO in particular. Schultz may have provided all employees with a 401(k) plan and stock options (including health benefits); however Starbucks Workers Union has restricted rights which limit its ability to defend staff against low-paid work and unsociable hours. James noted how Schultz stated: I was convinced that under my leadership, employees would come to realize that I would listen to their concernsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦If they had faith in me and my motives, they wouldnt need a union. On his return to the CEO fold in 2008, Schultz planned to dramatically reverse a decline in sales and achieve a turnaround in the companies financial performance at a time when the business world presumed that Starbucks had effectively lost its innovative edge. He advocated the closure of 300 US stores and cut hundreds of jobs yet aggressively opened hundreds of new stores beyond the US market (New York Times, 2010). Schultz took the decision to downsize in the US market and expand further globally with the support of his senior management team. This reflects Hughes, Ginnett, and Curphy (1999, p. 365), who found that: [members] solidify into an interdependent team of mutually supporting friends and colleagues (cited in Bentley et al; 2004). Tobak, (2009) questions whether Schultz had the vision at that time to acknowledge that Starbucks undertook such changes without foreseeing the problems that may ensue. He conveniently blamed the economic downturn  [1]  for much or Starbucks p roblems when in fact significant problems occurred approximately 18 months before the economy: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦took a nose dive. From January 2007 to August 2008, its share price was off 60 percent while the Nasdaq index was essentially flat. This is not about the economy, and Schultz knows it (n.p). Schultz stated in a recent July/August 2010 Harvard Business Review article: The past two years have been transformational for the company and, candidly, for me personally. When I returned, in January 2008, things were actually worse than Id thought. The decisions we had to make were very difficult, but first there had to be a time when we stood up in front of the entire company as leaders and made almost a confession-that the leadership had failed the 180,000 Starbucks people and their families. And even though I wasnt the CEO, I had been around as chairman; I should have known more. I am responsible. We had to admit to ourselves and to the people of this company that we owned the mistakes that were made. Once we did, it was a powerful turning point. Its like when you have a secret and get it out: The burden is off your shoulders. Cited in Petty (2010: n.p) In early 2009, the company bounced back and has seen more store traffic and renewed earnings growth with Starbucks shares raising to $24 a share. By spring 2010, the company: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦announced its first dividend to be paid in cash to investors. In April, the company said its profit rose more than eightfold in the second quarter, as more customers visited its stores and spent more (ibid: n.p). Kiel Watson (2009) suggest that most organizational issues encompass human rather than technical challenges and suggest: While no academic study has been conducted on this topic [affective leadership and emotional intelligence], we believe that [those] who are successful in developing the support of their communitiesare ones who expend considerable emotional labo[u]r (p.22). Schultz leadership style has been described in the following terms: They dont teach caring in business schools, and benevolence isnt usually discussed in corporate management seminars. But these values anchor Schultzs leadership philosophy as he seeks to build connections between people through demonstrations of heart and conscience. Starbucks baristas, for example, receive a Green Apron Book that exhorts them to be genuine and be considerate. And the company works hard to treat its coffee growers in Third World countries with dignity while purchasing their products at above-market prices (Meyers, 2005, p. 1) Lara Wyss, Starbucks director of global consumer public relations also noted how: The company is testing concept stores with various platforms that fit in with its Shared Planet pledge hat each new store built in 2010 will be Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certified (Zegler, 2010: p.62). Starbucks has recently introduced three concept stores in Seattle, Disneyland Paris and London. The former was recently redesigned in the light of its heritage concept theme and uses various recycled and revamped materials as part of its dà ©cor. Schultz illustrated examples of effective leadership by embracing a culture of open communication and by constructing active partnerships with his work-force. Schultz style of leadership would be at odds with a somewhat aggressive and negative management style that reflected an authoritarian and hierarchical leadership approach, such as that adopted by Michael OLeary from Ryanair. A Wall Street Journal (2009) article highlighted OLeary s abhorrence and total disregard of trade union power within the airline industry and how his drive for cost savings included the prospect of refusing free food for airline staff if the opportunity arose. Further criticism was directed at him for a perceived lack of moral leadership by refusing to provide wheel chair assistance for disabled passengers (Box Byus, 2005: p.68). Conversely: Starbucks was among the first companies to provide medical benefits to part-time employees. Today, however, Starbucks is spending more on healthcare than on coffee, and the workforce is nervous about shrinking benefits. Were not ever going to turn our backs on our partners [employees], says Schultz reassuringly. Then he faces reality. But we need relief. Where is the money going to come from? (US.news.com, 2005) In this respect, Schultz and OLeary are clearly different types of leaders with opposing leadership styles, yet both have similar beliefs in regards to trade union power. Fellners (2008) book viewed Schultz as the leader of a coffee chain with a proffered liberal consciousness and whose reputation was paradoxically categorized as a symbol of globalization and all that is immoral with free-market capitalism. She found paradoxes in the basis of employee friendly structures that espouse universal healthcare provision with anti trade-unionist practices; and between what she perceived as community individuality and forms of cultural hegemony. Carroll, Levy Richmond (2008) discussed Alvesson and Sveningssons (2003abc) research findings which stipulated that numerous managers involved in leadership development may effectively articulate abstract ideals such as vision and inspiration. However, an inability to define or explain concrete actions undertaken in pursuit of such ideals was also d eemed prevalent (ibid). CONCLUDING NOTES This section will provide a conclusion to the assignment and discuss some of its limitations. It was noted within the main body of text how different leadership styles can influence employee motivation and job satisfaction. A clear comparison can be made between Schultz leadership style and that of a successful entrepreneur in another industry (Michael OLearys Ryanair airline company). It was also discussed above how various leadership styles impact upon employee motivation and job satisfaction. Nelson and Quick (2006) attributed Schultzs leadership to a transformational style because his caring and generous nature reflects transformational leadership qualities. In some respects, it is clear that Schultz shows concern for the whole Starbucks organization and exhibits openness and debate amongst its employees and management rather than pursuing activities out of his own selfish interests. Spillane proposes that: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ from a distributed perspective, leadership practice takes shape in the interactions of people and their situation, rather than from the actions of an individual leader (2004: p.3). In realist terms, Fellner (2008) illuminated the chaotic social and business blend that Schultz embraces which seeks to maximize corporate profit by targeting new markets (foreign markets, mobile technology markets) whilst exhibiting sufficient social justice tendencies. It is this paradox that has led Schultz and his team to constantly align itself with one set of principles whilst seeking solace in another set of principles that are arguably at opposing sides of the spectrum. Collinson Collinson (2009) noted how Cameron et al. (2006) viewed effective leaders as: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦simultaneously paradoxical, integrating factors usually seen as competing, contradictory and even incompatible (ibid: 377). Schultz seems to have used high degrees of emotional intelligence by seeking alliances and partnerships within the Starbucks organization, rather than thrive on adversity and seek economic benefit from unethical channels. As noted above, OLearys approach to staff meals and customer wheel chairs highlight his domineering and hierarchical leadership approach whilst Schultz willingness to support employees suffering from HIV shows aspects of social justice in his personality traits. Schultz embraced change and development in a chaotic, competitive and complicated external environment. He seemed to display a significant amount of vision and emotional intelligence in order to transform the status quo into a global brand in over 50 countries. Overall, the literature suggests that modern leaders must provide effective leadership skills that compliment and encompass traditional management skills. These are increasingly linked to emotional intelligence, empowerment, empowerment, reflection, the ability to take risk without apprehension and the need to reflect upon the ethical and moral consideration of others. Schultz openness for social and ethical practices in pursuit of Starbucks business objectives has been applauded by many observers. Much of Schultz skills included trust building, negotiating with opponents and encouraging mutual co-operation. Therefore, one must possess a combination of hard, technical and softer, intuitive leadership skills in order to solidify their role as an effective leader in all situations. They must also be charismatic and inspirational yet calculated risk takers in order to navigate their respective organizations through the chaos and complexity (for instance, see Wheeler et al., 2007 in Coll inson Collinson, 2009)

The Irreconcilable Donkeys and Elephants Essay --

The amber waves of grain sway in the wind. Majestic purple mountains rise like waves in the distance. The air is peaceful. The Articles of Confederation and the Constitution were the calm before the storm. Since the nineteenth century the two main political parties have been represented by the wrinkled elephant, and the furry donkey. Since the brawl began, it has never ceased. Is it a fight worth fighting? The elephants trunk crashes on the ass’s disproportionate head. With a kick, the donkey springs backwards as the large beast crumples in agony. If I lived in the 1800s, near or far from the amber waves of grain, I would be neither a Republican or a Federalist. The Republicans and Federalists have too conflictual objectives to make peace. The ring of peace is a crucial goal for democracy. The bell of peace and liberty has ceased to ring, therefore I refuse to commit myself to a Federalist or Republican party. The battle will rage eternally. On September 17, 1787, when the Constitution was adopted immediately strife arose. The Republicans and Federalists disagreed about what power the Constitution should have, and how to interpret it. Alexander Hamilton believed in a strong federal government, he was a Federalist. Controversially, Thomas Jefferson, a Republican, demanded a small local government. In this scenario, I regard both varieties of government strength being equally necessary. Jefferson had a narrow interpretation the Constitution, and Hamilton interpreted with a broad meaning of every word. He argued that the Constitution created a government to solve national problems. Although, he only wanted to give power to federal government. (Center for Civic Education.) The Republicans and Federalists views clashed on how much c... ...ts will fight beyond the death. Tails will whip, and stripes will blow away in turmoil. Stars just might fall from the sky, too. If I lived in 1800s, I wouldn’t be a Republican or a Federalist. Two parties that just couldn’t agree, I find hard to trust or take part in. The new generation of elephants and donkeys has the same problem. It is ingrained into the genetics of government. Even with the disgust, monotonous fighting, and tension between political parties we all fight for pursuing happiness. An â€Å"inalienable right†, as spoken by John Locke. There is yet another thing the elephants and donkeys agree on: where they fight is a pretty amazing culture and place. America has billions of flaws, but we’re doing a lot of things right, too. Everyone’s too caught up in conflicts to appreciate the amber waves of grain, the fruited plains, and the shining seas.